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Cíl lidského života a jeho vliv na koncepci ctností
KILBERGR, Pavel
The goal of human life is the subject of virtue ethics and answers the question about the nature of beatitude, which is the ultimate end of human action. It is the subject of both ancient philosophy and medieval scholasticism, in which Thomas's conception of the virtues has a fundamental place. It is currently being explored in the fields of both philosophy and theology. This thesis addresses the problem of the nature of the last end through an exposition of the basic positions in Aristotelian and Thomistic virtue ethics. Through the elaboration of the basic positions, a clear distinction is made between natural and supernatural virtue ethics, which, however, within the framework of Thomas's conception, form a coherent and interconnected system that is faithful to the Aristotelian model. Thomas's virtue ethics is a model example of a conception of virtue that captures the fullness of the immanent dimension of man through philosophical cognition along with a transcendent overlay.
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Ethics of virtues in the profession of paramedic
BRUS, Adam
This bachelor's thesis on the topic of "Ethics of Virtues in the Profession of Paramedic" contains two main parts: theoretical and practical. In this thesis, we focus on virtue ethics, which emphasizes the moral character of the acting individual, and deals with what the character of the person who performs an action should be. The theoretical part explains to the readers the individual concepts, through which they are subsequently able to gain insight into the given issue. This involves defining the so-called theoretical framework. Firstly, ethics as such is explained, what we can imagine under it, and what it deals with. This is followed by various types of ethical theories, through which the readers will get to virtue ethics itself. Then the concept of virtue itself is explained, which is crucial for the readers. Furthermore, there is a mention of Medical Ethics, Bioethics, and Helping Professions. Another topic discussed is the personality of the paramedic. The objectives of this bachelor's thesis were as follows. The first objective was to determine the importance of virtue ethics in the profession of the paramedic. The second objective was to describe which virtues are important in the profession of the paramedic. The final objective was to map the moral awareness of the paramedics in the context of virtue ethics. The practical part contains information that was obtained through semi-structured interviews with ten paramedics. The research was conducted based on a qualitative strategy. The obtained data was processed, analysed and subsequently divided into five categories for a better overview. This bachelor's thesis had three research questions. The first question aimed to determine the level of awareness of the paramedics regarding virtue ethics. From the research, it was found out that the majority of the paramedics were unable to explain the concept of virtue ethics. Their responses were either non-existent or incomplete. The second question examined which virtues the paramedics considered important for performing their profession. With the exception of ZZ 5, all participants were able to list and describe specific virtues that are important in their profession. The last question focused on identifying factors that influence the virtues of the paramedics. The paramedics responded to factors influencing their stated virtues negatively at first and subsequently positively. We didn't receive an answer to the question 'what kind of person should we be,' but we believe that we have successfully achieved the objectives we have set and that the readers can gain insight into the issue at hand and understand the essence and importance of virtues in the profession of a paramedic. The thesis helps to evaluate the significance of virtue ethics in the profession of a paramedic. The thesis will be used in the theoretical preparation of future paramedics in the subject of Ethics in Prehospital Emergency Care. This thesis may inspire all paramedics to think about the ethical dimension of their profession.
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Selected ethical aspects of an employee of the body of social and legal protection of children
SCHINDLER, Jan
This thesis deals with categorized ethical dilemmas in the performance of the work of an employee of the body of social and legal protection of children. It presents the ethical dilemmas arising in the performance of the work of an employee of the body of social and legal protection of children, which in some way affect the conscience of the social worker. At the same time, it deals with how specifically ethical dilemmas affect a social worker personally, and what is their view of the whole ethically problematic case. Alongside with the previously mentioned, this work inquires into the impact of such dilemmas on children and their families. Subsequently, the thesis describes how the ethical dilemmas can be solved with the help of the ethics of virtues. The goals of this work are to introduce the whole body of social and legal protection of children, to introduce a problematic family that needs to be rehabilitated in order to restore its basic functions of healthy functioning. The last goal of this work is to present the manifestations and consequences of an abused, mistreated or neglected child and the possibility of solving such a problem. This thesis has four chapters. The first chapter deals with the body of social and legal protection of children. The second chapter describes its specific activities. The third chapter ethically focuses on the ethical dilemmas of the employees of the social and legal protection of children. The last chapter presents the ethics of virtues and how this ethical theory can comprehensively address the good lives of children and their families, who need help from the child welfare authority.
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Ethical aspects of handling data acquired from experiments on people
Constable, Marika ; Fošum, Jan (advisor) ; Sousedík, Prokop (referee)
The presented master's thesis examines experiments on humans conducted in Nazi concentration camps during WWII and focuses on the conflict between the victims on one side and scientists on the other. In this conflict, which is centered around the fate of the data, both sides take a strong stand. The criteria for an ethical evaluation is to objectively articulate the main argumentation pillars from both sides and assess their validity in the contrast of two ethical theories which are virtue theory and the theory of consequentialism. To reach this objective, the thesis draws from available literal and audio-visual sources from the fields of history, philosophy, psychology, anthropology and bioethics. The paper is divided into three main parts. The first part is dedicated to terminology, technical execution, integrity, impact and logistics of the experiments. The second part analyzes victim testimonies and impact statements and arguments that had been put forward by the research community. The third part deals with the meaning of the term person's dignity/KAVOD, evaluates the argument points in the contrast of ethical theories, introduces the phenomenon of cognitive dissonance and deliberates the scientific community stance. Keywords Bioethics, cognitive dissonance, concentration camps,...
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Virtue ethics in Aristotle's work and its renaissance in the 20th century
PODZIMKOVÁ, Markéta
This diploma thesis deals with the Aristotelian virtue ethics and its renaissance in the twentieth century. Ethics is first defined generally as a separate science which belongs to the practical sciences. Subsequently, the emphasis on virtue ethics as one of the directions of normative ethics. A key part of the thesis deals with the ethics of virtue in Aristotle and interpretation corresponding more or less to the interpretation of the work of Nicomachean Ethics. The emphasis is on concepts of virtue, bliss and goodness. The development of u virtue ethics from the time of Aristotle until the twentieth century is also mentioned. The last part deals with the form of virtue ethics in the twentieth century, including the process how the ethics of virtue acquired its present form. It is also compared to the interpretation of virtue ethics in Aristotle and in the works of modern moral philosophers, particularly the work of Alasdair MacIntyre After Virtue is emphasized.
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